Poremećaji mirisa i ukusa kod COVID-19: sistematski pregled.
Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology
Sažetak istraživanja
Uvod Virus SARS-CoV-2 uzrokuje COVID-19 i odgovoran je za najveću pandemiju od izbijanja gripe H1N1 1918. godine. Klasične simptome bolesti dobro je definirala Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija; međutim, u nekim studijama su prijavljeni olfaktorni/ukusni poremećaji, ali još uvijek nedostaje nekoliko tačaka u razumijevanju i konsenzusu o kliničkom liječenju ovih slučajeva.
Cilj Identificirati dokaze u znanstvenoj literaturi o olfaktornim/gustatornim poremećajima, njihovoj kliničkoj prezentaciji, prevalenci i mogućim specifičnim tretmanima povezanim s COVID-19.
Metode Urađen je sistematski pregled članaka objavljenih do 25. aprila 2020. u Medline, Cochrane Clinical Trials, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Scopus i Google Schoolar, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, The New York Academy of Medicine i Reasearch Gate. Kriterijumi za uključivanje (1) Studije na pacijentima sa COVID-19; (2) Evidencija znakova/simptoma COVID-19 i olfaktornih/gustatornih funkcija. Kriterijumi za isključenje (1) Studije o nehumanom korona virusu; (2) Pregledni članci; (3) Eksperimentalne studije (na životinjama ili in vitro); (4) Poremećaji mirisa/ukusa započeti prije infekcije SARS-CoV-2. Procjena rizika od pristrasnosti odabranih studija izvršena je korištenjem Newcastle-Ottawa skale.
Rezultati Šest članaka iz zapisa iz 1788. zadovoljilo je kriterijume za uključivanje i analizirano je. Procijenjeno je ukupno 1457 pacijenata različitih nacionalnosti; od njih 885 (60,7%) i 822 (56,4%) imalo je poremećaje mirisa i ukusa, respektivno, pri čemu su najčešće obolele žene. Bilo je olfaktornih/gustatornih poremećaja čak i bez začepljenja nosa/rinoreje i počevši čak i prije pojave znakova/simptoma COVID-19; Oporavak mirisa/ukusa, kada se pojavi, obično se dešava u prve dvije sedmice nakon rješavanja COVID-19. Postoje dokazi da su olfaktorni/gustatorni poremećaji jaki prediktori infekcije SARS-CoV-2, te je moguće preporučiti izolaciju pacijenta, već nakon liječničke konsultacije, kako bi se spriječilo širenje virusa. Nisu identifikovani naučni dokazi za efikasan tretman za bilo koji od poremećaja.
Zaključak Poremećaji mirisa/ukusa mogu se pojaviti u različitim intenzitetima i prije općih simptoma COVID-19 i treba ih smatrati dijelom kliničkih karakteristika COVID-19, čak iu blagim slučajevima. Još uvijek nema naučnih dokaza o specifičnim tretmanima za takve poremećaje kod bolesti COVID-19.
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Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a systematic review.
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, and it is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 H1N1 influenza outbreak. The classic symptoms of the disease have been well defined by the World Health Organization; however, olfactory/gustatory disorders have been reported in some studies, but there are still several missing points in the understanding and in the consensus about the clinical management of these cases.
Objective To identify evidence in the scientific literature about olfactory/gustatory disorders, their clinical presentation, prevalence and possible specific treatments associated with COVID-19.
Methods A systematic review of articles published up to April 25, 2020 was performed in Medline, Cochrane Clinical Trials, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Schoolar, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, The New York Academy of Medicine and Reasearch Gate. Inclusion criteria (1) Studies on patients with COVID-19; (2) Records of COVID-19 signs/symptoms, and olfactory/gustatory functions. Exclusion criteria (1) Studies on non-human coronavirus; (2) Review articles; (3) Experimental studies (in animals or in vitro); (4) Olfactory/gustatory disorders initiated prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The risk assessment of bias of the selected studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Results Six articles from the 1788 records met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. A total of 1457 patients of different ethnicities were assessed; of them, 885 (60.7%) and 822 (56.4%) had smell and taste disorders, respectively, with women being most often affected. There were olfactory/gustatory disorders even without nasal obstruction/rhinorrhea and beginning even before the signs/symptoms of COVID-19; the recovery of smell/taste, when it occurs, usually happened in the first two weeks after COVID-19 resolution. There is evidence that olfactory/gustatory disorders are strong predictors of infection by SARS-CoV-2, and it is possible to recommend patient isolation, as early as of the medical consultation, preventing the spread of the virus. No scientific evidence has been identified for effective treatments for any of the disorders.
Conclusion Olfactory/gustatory disorders may occur at varying intensities and prior to the general symptoms of COVID-19 and should be considered as part of the clinical features of COVID-19, even in mild cases. There is still no scientific evidence of specific treatments for such disorders in COVID-19 disease.
Izvorni podaci
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.008
- PMID
- 32580925
- PMCID
- PMC7280089
- Provjereno
- 2026-07-26
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